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男科 | 妇科 | 骨科 | 耳鼻喉 | 肛肠 | 泌尿 | 不孕不育 | 皮肤病 | 口腔 | 肿瘤 | 糖尿病 | 眼病 | 性病 | 肝病 | 心血管 | 更多 |
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3.哌唑嗪(Prazosin) α受体阻滞剂,扩张血管降低外周阻力。对心排出量、心率、肾血流量和肾小球过滤率影响不大。口服1~2h血浆浓度达高峰。据点为位置性低血压,故首剂不宜太大以免发生低血压,第一剂可在睡前口服0.5mg,以后逐渐加量,从1mg,一日3次开始,降压剂量为3~20mg/d。
4.钙拮抗剂 抑制钙离子进入血管平滑肌细胞,抑制血管平滑肌收缩,导致血管扩张血压下降。1976年Aloki等首次证实硝苯吡啶治疗恶性高血压有效,以后陆续有21位作者用硝苯吡啶治疗高血压急症和严重高血压共439例,发现口服硝苯吡啶10~20mg后血压下降24%,口服30min达最大降压作用,持续3~5h。98%病人血压降至预期水平,认为该药对高血压急症患者可迅速、有效而且安全地降低血压,尤其适用于心绞痛伴高血压危象者。缺点是血管扩张引起头晕、头痛、反射性心动过速、水肿,起效迅速而强烈时可导致低血压,对某些病人可能加重脑水肿和高血压脑病。
5.氨酰心安(Atenolol) 为心脏选择性β受体阻滞剂。Bannan等证实口服氨酰心安100mg治疗血压高于26.7/17.3kPa(200/130mmHg) 的严重高血压患者,12h内血压逐渐下降,收缩力下降7.47kPa(56mmHg),舒张压下降5.33kPa(40mmHg),而无副作用。认为氨酰心安适用于需迅速降压而又不能过猛以至引起心脑肾缺血的病人。口服剂量为25~100mg,一日1次,缺点为可引起心动过缓。
(朱文玲)
参 考 文 献
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